The Journal of Information Science and Technology Association
(Johono Kagaku to Gijutsu)
Abstract

Ikuyo FUKUDA
Hokkai Gakuen University
4-1-40 Asahi-machi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8605 JAPAN

Abstract: Most Japanese libraries depend on financial aid from the parent organization. However, the recent economic downturn obliges libraries to reduce their budgets including material and staff costs. Few libraries have explored the alternative funding sources to cope with the serious financial situation. In order to provide a variety of services, fundraising must be an important issue to secure the additional revenues. 　Together with library friends groups and library foundations, American libraries have made a considerable effort for raising funds from individuals and foundations. Since online donation using Internet was introduced in late 1990s, library fundraising has been more competitive. This article reviews the recent trends of fundraising effort in American libraries and considers the possibility of fundraising for Japanese libraries.

Keywords：  library finance / fundraising / budgets / donation / endowment / grants / library friends / library foundation / library advocacy

Norihisa YODA
University of Pittsburgh, School of Information Sciences, Library and Information Science
700 North Highland Avenue Apt 315 Pittsburgh, PA 15206-2552, USA

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to help understand the management of American public libraries with specific focus on its fundraising aspect, which has transformed over the last decades. The article investigated the case of Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh while reviewing the trends of nation-wide movement. The study revealed the multi-streamed, strategic, and scientific nature of the management of American public libraries, compared to that of Japanese public libraries - that is, the application of multi-methods in fundraising, strategic reorganization of all aspects of library organization and services including the establishment of development office, and the deepening of the theory of library management based on shared practices.

Keywords：  library management / fundraising / grant / philanthropy / Pittsburgh / public library

Hideki TAKEUCHI
National Diet Library
1-10-1 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8924 JAPAN

Abstract: This paper surveys trends of public library funding in the U.S. Current states of plural funding with a combination of public and private dollars and its implications are considered.

Keywords：  public library / library finance / fundraising / library management / grants / library foundation / Friends group / economic value / public-private partnership

Nobuko KANAYA
International Studies, Hiroshima City University
3-8-1 Ozukahigashi Asaminami-ku Hiroshima-shi 731-3194 JAPAN

Abstract: Philanthropy of America's foundations, founded by private wealth for public benefit, is well known for its scale and diverse unique activities from the citizen's points of view. Public library is one of their philanthropy fields. This article reviews history, role and function of foundations and giving for libraries, then shows the partnership between governments and foundations.

Keywords：  foundation / America / library / public-private partnership

Takanori UMEZAWA
Chuo University Faculty of Letters Office
Higashi-nakano, Hachuoji-city, Tokyo 192-0393 JAPAN

Abstract: In the United States, fundraising is very important activity to support study and research for academic libraries and librarians. 　This article points out the important elements to start fundraising in Japan. (history, regional background, and philanthropy, a system of taxation, academic librarian as a fundraiser, donor information association, storage and management of donor database, librarian's skill, and advocacy)

Keywords：  donation / philanthropy / taxation / fundraising / fundraiser / donor / librarian's skill / advocacy

Masatsugu FUJIE
School of Business Administration, Meiji University
5-8-17 Negishi, Minami-ku, Saitama City, Saitama-pref. 336-0024 JAPAN

Abstract: The evaluation of library management will be discussed based on the PFI(Private Finance Initiative). As the evaluation sample, taken was Kuwana City Central Library, the first PFT-type of library in Japan. Kuwana Library should be given high marks in that it adopted BOT method (Build-Operate-Transfer) that allows private companies with management know-how to administer libraries so that the library meets the required criteria of public administration. 　It's absolutely essential to share financial information, to clarify the performances and risks of entire complex including library, and to stipulate the specific measures to minimize those risks. It is also important to analyze issues in detail with the great awareness of ensuring a continuous and stable management of the library, the core local service authority.

Keywords：  PFI / Specific Purpose Company (SPC) / BOT / service purchase model / IC tag / library management

Isao MIURA
3-18-3 Tokura, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-0003 JAPAN

Abstract: Commercial information retrieval services by batch processing started in 1972 in Japan. However, these services by online were postponed until 1980. This paper reports that how DIALOG service started under these circumstances, the reasons why this service was developed smoothly and became popular in Japan, and also how KINOKUNIYA Co.,Ltd. a distributor of DIALOG service contributed the development of this service in Japan.

Keywords：  DIALOG / KINOKUNIYA / ASK Service / online information service / KDD / telecommunication / academic information