Table of ContentsThe Journal of Information Science and Technology
Association
(Johono Kagaku to Gijutsu)
Vol. 51 （2001） , No.12
Special feature : Scientific Misconduct
Ecological approach to Scientific Misconduct,
Shigeaki YAMAZAKI
(Aichi Shukutoku University, Department of Library and Information Science, School of Letters (Katahira 9, Nagakute-machi, Aichi 480-1197))
Abstract : The present cases of scientific misconduct are only the tip of the iceberg. In Japan, government, founding bodies, universities, and scientific community do not establish the managing system to protect scientific integrity. Japan does not have a similar organization of the ORI (Office of Research Integrity) in USA. Now a few researchers have a concern for research evaluation and scientific misconduct. In future, these topics, especially scientific integrity becomes more important one. This paper described on occurrence of scientific misconduct case, its definition, authorship, and duplicate publication. We also emphasized to identify misconduct cases in order to distribute reliable information to scientific community and also general public..
Keywords : scientific misconduct / authorship / duplicate publication / definition / occurrence
Ethical Problems in Science and Technology,
Teruo YOKOYAMA
(Nanzan University, Faculty of Humanities (18 Yamazato-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8673))
Abstract : Ethical problems in science and technology are very important recently. Three kinds of ethical problem should be distinguished : system security problem, new technology problem, and life-style choice problem. Engineering ethics education should be based on these three kinds. Also important is the problem of science-technology relation. Sciece and technolgy used to be separate, but now they are mixed. Patent and priority is almost one thing in 21st century scince and technology, especially information technology and bio-science. Citizen participation to science and technology is one of the most important issues in science ethics and engineering ethics.
Keywords : ethical problem / engineering ethics / science ethics / information ethics / patent / priority
Ethical Standards on Scientific Information of Medical Journals―from the Point of Editors among the Japanese Journals―,
Shigetoyo SAJI
(Second Department of Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Late chief editor of the Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery (40 Tsukasa-machi, Gifu-shi Gifu 500-8705))
Abstract : Observance of ethical standard in publication of scientific information is important for editors, reviewers and authors, and especially in issuing medical journals careful attention must be paid to ethics because of its speciality. Basically medical journals are published for medical scientists for the purpose of mutual understanding and education. Alternatively, once they were published, the articles might be utilized for either assessment of medical administration or judgement of medical treatment. Recently, moreover, various informations are easily given to patients and their family, in proportion as the progress in internet systems. These situations could cause new ethical innovation in this field. In terms of responsibilities of editors and reviewers, ethical problems are observed at the time of acceptance. that is, which is more harmful to accept sub-standard article or reject novel and original articles. As for peer review, it must be discussed whether or not double blind system is better than single blind system. On the other hand, in both experimental and clinical research, authors should conduct ethical standards with the permission of institutional research board (IRB) and should keep the rules for good clinical practice (GCP) in clinical trials of newly developed agents. In terms of duplicate publication, author never submit a manuscript already reported elsewhere. It is strongly prohibited by international copyright laws, ethical conduct, and cost-effective use of resources. For reference, the present state of the issue of Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery, one of the standard medical journals in Japan, was reported here.
Keywords : medical journal / ethical standard / scientific information / author, reviewer and editor / duplicate publication
Ethics in patent information and patent,
Munetomo NAKAMURA
(Intellectual Property Depertment, Mitsubishi Paper Mills Limited (4-1, Higashikanamachi 1, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8525))
Abstract : Inventer's ethics is reflected in a patent publication. A patent aplication in misappropriation or liable to contravene public order, morality or public health could not be patented. And inventer should also avoid describing matters contrary to ethics as a engineer. With a progress of biotechnology it is becoming to be necessary to balance the strength between patent inforcement which is too strong in monopoly right and life ethics.
Keywords : Patent Information / Ethics / Misappropriation Application / Public Order and Morality /Bioethics / Monopoly /Unpatentable Reason / Laws aimed at stopping unfair competition
The Lives and Academic Ethics of Social Scientists and Humanists in Japan,
Jun'ichi YAMAMOTO
(University of Library and Information Science (1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8550))
Abstract : It seems that there has been no unfair and unethical conducts except plagiarism among Japanese social scientists and humanists. But, it does not show their academic cleanness. They always deal with human beings and society, while natural scientists try to invent a new material and to discover a new fact or rule. Social scientists and humanists have to make their originality through quoting authorities' opinions and comparing with foreign countries. There is some room leading to any unfair and unethical research conduct.
Keywords : social scientist and humanists / academic ethics / academic papers /research achievements / copyright / plagiarism / ghostwrite
The New International Records Management Standard : Its Content and How It Can Be Used,
James C. Connelly, translated by Munehisa SAKUYAMA
(8-12-11, Hisagi, Zushi-shi, Kanagawa 249-0001)
Abstract : Translator's abstract : The world will have ISO 15489, the first international standard for records management. It describes how records management programs should be established, how they may be structured, and how they may be monitored and audited. The standard has two parts : a high-level description of the broad principles and requirements and a technical report that outlines a variety of possible procedures and practices that comply with the standard. It helps records managers improve exiting programs as well as develop new ones. This article examines its content and how it can be used for assessment.
Keywords by translator : ISO 15489 / records management / records system /records capture / international standard / accountability